Last updated on December 18th, 2024 at 04:11 am
- Distinguishing Vulnerable from Covert Narcissism
- Key Traits of Vulnerable Narcissists
- The Origins of Vulnerable Narcissism
- Childhood Trauma and Neglect
- Attachment Issues in Early Development
- The Inner World of Vulnerable Narcissists
- Deep-Seated Insecurities and Shame
- Coping Mechanisms and Defense Strategies
- Identifying Vulnerable Narcissists
- Subtle Warning Signs and Red Flags
- Behavioral Patterns: Victimhood and Blame
- Vulnerability as a Weapon
- Manipulation Tactics Disguised as Insecurity
- Emotional Blackmail and Guilt-Tripping
- The Danger Behind the Insecurity Facade
- Potential for Emotional and Psychological Abuse
- Frequently Asked Questions
- How Does Vulnerable Narcissism Differ From Overt Narcissism?
- What Are The Warning Signs Of A Vulnerable Narcissist In A Relationship?
- How Can Vulnerable Narcissism Impact Mental Health And Emotional Well-being?
- What Are The Root Causes Of Vulnerable Narcissism?
- How Can Someone Cope With A Vulnerable Narcissist In Their Life?
- What Therapeutic Approaches Are Effective For Treating Vulnerable Narcissism?
- How Does Vulnerable Narcissism Affect Interpersonal Relationships Over Time?
- What Are The Differences Between Vulnerable Narcissism And Other Personality Disorders?
- How Can Someone Recognize Their Own Vulnerable Narcissistic Traits?
- What Role Does Social Media Play In Exacerbating Vulnerable Narcissistic Traits?
- How Does Vulnerable Narcissism Manifest In Professional Settings?
Have you ever felt like you’re walking on eggshells around someone who seems both fragile and demanding? You’re not alone. Welcome to the perplexing world of the vulnerable narcissist – a master of manipulation hiding behind a veil of insecurity. In this eye-opening exposé, we’ll peel back the layers of this deceptive personality type that’s leaving a trail of emotional destruction in its wake.
Prepare to have your mind blown as we dive deep into the psyche of these chameleons of charm. You’ll discover how their seeming vulnerability can hook you in, only to leave you feeling drained, confused, and questioning your own sanity. We’ll explore the telltale signs that you might be dealing with a vulnerable narcissist, and trust me, some of these will shock you to your core.
But don’t worry, we’ve got your back. By the end of this post, you’ll be armed with the knowledge to protect yourself from these emotional vampires. So, buckle up and get ready for a rollercoaster ride through the twisted landscape of vulnerable narcissism. Your emotional well-being might just depend on it.
Distinguishing Vulnerable from Covert Narcissism
When we think of narcissists, we often picture loud, grandiose individuals who demand constant attention. But there’s a subtler, more insidious type: the vulnerable narcissist. These individuals often fly under the radar, their true nature hidden behind a veil of insecurity and self-doubt.
-By Som Dutt from https://embraceinnerchaos.com
Vulnerable narcissism is often confused with covert narcissism, but there are key differences. While both types share traits like hypersensitivity to criticism and a deep need for admiration, vulnerable narcissists tend to be more openly emotional and self-pitying. They wear their insecurities on their sleeve, using them as both a shield and a weapon.
Covert narcissists, on the other hand, are masters of disguise. They’re more likely to hide their true feelings and manipulate from the shadows. Their tactics are often more subtle and harder to spot, as explored in this article on covert narcissist manipulation tactics.
Key Traits of Vulnerable Narcissists
Vulnerable narcissists possess a unique set of characteristics that set them apart. They often display:
• Extreme sensitivity to criticism
• A tendency to withdraw or sulk when hurt
• Frequent complaints about being misunderstood or unappreciated
• A pattern of passive-aggressive behavior
• Intense envy of others, coupled with feelings of inadequacy
These individuals may come across as shy, insecure, or even depressed. But beneath this fragile exterior lies a core of narcissistic traits, including a sense of entitlement and a need for constant validation.
One of the most striking features of vulnerable narcissists is their ability to play the victim. They excel at portraying themselves as the underdog, garnering sympathy and support from others. This victimhood mentality is a powerful tool in their arsenal of manipulation tactics.
Recognizing these traits is crucial for protecting yourself. For a deeper dive into identifying these subtle signs, check out this guide on subtle signs of a covert narcissist.
The Origins of Vulnerable Narcissism
Childhood Trauma and Neglect
The roots of vulnerable narcissism often trace back to early childhood experiences. Trauma, neglect, or inconsistent parenting can lay the groundwork for this complex personality disorder. Children who experience these adverse conditions may develop a fragile sense of self, leading to narcissistic tendencies as a coping mechanism.
Emotional neglect, in particular, can be devastating. When a child’s emotional needs are consistently unmet, they may learn to suppress their true feelings and develop a false self to gain approval and love. This false self becomes the foundation of their narcissistic personality.
Paradoxically, both excessive praise and harsh criticism can contribute to the development of vulnerable narcissism. Children who are constantly told they’re special may develop an inflated sense of self-importance, while those who face constant criticism may become hypersensitive to perceived slights.
Attachment Issues in Early Development
Attachment theory provides valuable insights into the formation of vulnerable narcissism. Insecure attachment styles, particularly anxious-ambivalent attachment, are often seen in individuals who develop this disorder. These attachment patterns stem from inconsistent or unreliable caregiving in early childhood.
Children with anxious-ambivalent attachment crave closeness but fear abandonment. As adults, they may become vulnerable narcissists, constantly seeking reassurance while simultaneously pushing others away. This creates a cycle of unfulfilling relationships and reinforces their negative self-image.
The impact of these early experiences can be profound and long-lasting. Understanding these origins is crucial for both those struggling with vulnerable narcissism and those in relationships with them. It’s a key step in breaking the cycle of toxic behavior and healing from narcissistic abuse, as discussed in this article on breaking free from narcissistic abuse and codependency.
The Inner World of Vulnerable Narcissists
Deep-Seated Insecurities and Shame
Beneath the surface of a vulnerable narcissist lies a tumultuous inner world. At its core are deep-seated insecurities and an overwhelming sense of shame. These feelings are so intense and unbearable that the narcissist develops elaborate defense mechanisms to avoid confronting them.
The vulnerable narcissist’s self-esteem is like a house of cards, always on the verge of collapse. They live in constant fear of being exposed as inadequate or unworthy. This fear drives their need for constant validation and their hypersensitivity to criticism.
Shame plays a central role in the vulnerable narcissist’s psyche. Unlike guilt, which relates to specific actions, shame is a global feeling of being fundamentally flawed or unlovable. This toxic shame fuels their narcissistic behaviors as they desperately try to prove their worth to themselves and others.
Coping Mechanisms and Defense Strategies
To protect themselves from their inner turmoil, vulnerable narcissists employ a range of coping mechanisms and defense strategies. These include:
• Projection: Attributing their own negative traits or feelings to others
• Idealization and devaluation: Alternating between putting others on a pedestal and tearing them down
• Emotional withdrawal: Retreating into themselves when faced with perceived rejection
• Passive-aggressive behavior: Indirectly expressing negative feelings
• Self-aggrandizement: Exaggerating their own importance or abilities
These strategies serve to maintain the narcissist’s fragile self-esteem and protect them from facing their deep-seated insecurities. However, they often come at a high cost to their relationships and mental health.
One particularly insidious defense mechanism is the use of guilt as a weapon. Vulnerable narcissists are expert guilt-trippers, using this emotion to manipulate others and avoid taking responsibility for their actions. For more on this tactic, see this article on how to spot and stop narcissistic guilt trips.
Identifying Vulnerable Narcissists
Subtle Warning Signs and Red Flags
Spotting a vulnerable narcissist can be challenging, as their behavior often masquerades as mere insecurity or sensitivity. However, there are subtle warning signs to watch for:
• Constant need for reassurance and validation
• Difficulty accepting criticism, even when constructive
• A tendency to compare themselves unfavorably to others, fishing for compliments
• Frequent complaints about being misunderstood or underappreciated
• Passive-aggressive comments or behavior when they feel slighted
-By Som Dutt from https://embraceinnerchaos.com
These red flags may seem innocuous at first, but they can escalate into more serious manipulative behaviors over time. It’s crucial to trust your instincts and pay attention to patterns of behavior rather than isolated incidents.
One particularly telling sign is the vulnerable narcissist’s reaction to your success or happiness. While they may outwardly congratulate you, you might notice a subtle shift in their demeanor or attempts to downplay your achievements. This stems from their deep-seated envy and fear of being overshadowed.
For a comprehensive list of signs to watch out for, check out this article on 21 signs you’re dating a narcissist.
Behavioral Patterns: Victimhood and Blame
Two key behavioral patterns stand out in vulnerable narcissists: a persistent sense of victimhood and a tendency to blame others for their problems. These patterns are deeply ingrained and serve to protect the narcissist’s fragile ego.
The victimhood mentality is particularly prominent. Vulnerable narcissists often portray themselves as misunderstood, persecuted, or unfairly treated by life. They may frequently recount stories of how they’ve been wronged, seeking sympathy and validation from others.
Blame-shifting is another common tactic. When faced with their own shortcomings or mistakes, vulnerable narcissists are quick to point the finger at others. This allows them to avoid taking responsibility and maintain their self-image as a victim of circumstance.
These patterns can be emotionally draining for those around the vulnerable narcissist. It’s important to recognize them for what they are: manipulation tactics designed to elicit sympathy and avoid accountability. For more insights into these tactics, read this article on unmasking covert narcissist tactics.
Vulnerability as a Weapon
Manipulation Tactics Disguised as Insecurity
Vulnerable narcissists are masters at weaponizing their apparent fragility. They use their insecurity as a smokescreen for manipulation, making it difficult for others to recognize their toxic behavior. This disguise of vulnerability often elicits sympathy and protection from unsuspecting individuals.
One common tactic is the use of self-deprecation to fish for compliments. By putting themselves down, they create a situation where others feel compelled to build them up. This constant need for reassurance can be exhausting for those around them.
Another manipulation tactic is the “poor me” narrative. Vulnerable narcissists often paint themselves as the perpetual victim, garnering support and deflecting responsibility for their actions. This victimhood mentality can be particularly effective in manipulating empathetic individuals.
These tactics are subtle and often go unnoticed, making them especially dangerous. For a deeper understanding of these manipulation strategies, read this article on the hidden dangers of loving a narcissist.
Emotional Blackmail and Guilt-Tripping
Emotional blackmail is a powerful tool in the vulnerable narcissist’s arsenal. They excel at making others feel responsible for their emotional state, using guilt as a lever to control behavior. This can take many forms:
• Threatening self-harm if their demands aren’t met
• Implying that disagreement or criticism is a form of betrayal
• Using phrases like “If you really loved me, you would…”
• Making exaggerated displays of hurt feelings to gain compliance
Guilt-tripping is a particularly insidious form of emotional manipulation. Vulnerable narcissists are adept at twisting situations to make others feel guilty, even when they’ve done nothing wrong. This tactic serves to keep their victims off-balance and more likely to acquiesce to their demands.
-By Som Dutt from https://embraceinnerchaos.com
Recognizing these tactics is crucial for protecting yourself from emotional manipulation. For more information on how narcissists use guilt as a weapon, check out this article on unmasking the narcissist’s favorite weapon: guilt.
The Danger Behind the Insecurity Facade
Potential for Emotional and Psychological Abuse
The seemingly fragile exterior of a vulnerable narcissist can mask a potential for severe emotional and psychological abuse. Their manipulation tactics, while often subtle, can have devastating effects on their victims’ mental health and self-esteem.
Gaslighting is a common form of abuse employed by vulnerable narcissists. They may deny events, twist facts, or question their victim’s perception of reality. This can lead to confusion, self-doubt, and a loss of trust in one’s own judgment.
Another dangerous aspect is the cycle of idealization and devaluation. Vulnerable narcissists may initially put their partners on a pedestal, only to tear them down later. This emotional rollercoaster can be incredibly destabilizing for the victim.
The constant need for validation and attention can also be emotionally draining. Victims often find themselves walking on eggshells, afraid of triggering the narcissist’s insecurities or rage. This chronic stress can lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
For a comprehensive look at the hidden signs of narcissistic abuse, refer to this article on 19 hidden signs of narcissistic abuse.
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
Frequently Asked Questions
How Does Vulnerable Narcissism Differ From Overt Narcissism?
Vulnerable narcissism, also known as covert narcissism, differs significantly from overt narcissism in its presentation and underlying motivations. While overt narcissists tend to be loud, boastful, and openly grandiose, vulnerable narcissists are more introverted and insecure. They share the same core traits of entitlement and need for admiration, but express them differently. Vulnerable narcissists often appear shy, self-doubting, and hypersensitive to criticism, masking their narcissistic traits behind a facade of insecurity. This makes them harder to identify compared to their overt counterparts, as noted by Psychology Today.
Vulnerable narcissists experience intense feelings of inadequacy and are highly reactive to perceived slights or rejection. They may use passive-aggressive tactics or play the victim to manipulate others, rather than the more direct approaches of overt narcissists. Their grandiosity is often internalized as fantasies of greatness, rather than outwardly expressed. This subtle presentation can make vulnerable narcissism particularly dangerous in relationships, as their manipulative behaviors may go unnoticed for long periods.
The Journal of Personality published research highlighting that vulnerable narcissists score higher on measures of neuroticism and introversion compared to overt narcissists. They are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. This emotional instability, combined with their narcissistic traits, can create a complex and challenging personality dynamic that impacts their relationships and mental health significantly.
What Are The Warning Signs Of A Vulnerable Narcissist In A Relationship?
Identifying a vulnerable narcissist in a relationship can be challenging due to their covert nature, but there are several warning signs to watch for. One key indicator is hypersensitivity to criticism. Psych Central explains that vulnerable narcissists react intensely to even mild criticism, often becoming defensive or withdrawing emotionally. They may use the silent treatment as a form of passive-aggressive punishment when they feel slighted.
Another red flag is a pattern of self-deprecating comments coupled with a constant need for reassurance and praise. Vulnerable narcissists may frequently put themselves down, but this is often a manipulative tactic to elicit compliments and attention from others. They have an insatiable need for external validation to maintain their fragile self-esteem. This can be exhausting for partners who feel pressured to constantly boost the narcissist’s ego.
Vulnerable narcissists also tend to exhibit a victim mentality, often portraying themselves as misunderstood or unfairly treated by others. The Counseling Center Group notes that this behavior is a way to garner sympathy and avoid taking responsibility for their actions. In relationships, they may frequently blame their partner for problems or use their perceived victimhood to manipulate situations to their advantage. This constant victimization can create a toxic dynamic where the partner feels guilty and responsible for the narcissist’s emotional well-being.
How Can Vulnerable Narcissism Impact Mental Health And Emotional Well-being?
Vulnerable narcissism can have profound effects on both the individual’s mental health and the emotional well-being of those close to them. For the vulnerable narcissist, their fragile self-esteem and constant need for validation can lead to chronic anxiety and depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry reports that individuals with vulnerable narcissistic traits are at higher risk for mood disorders and substance abuse problems compared to the general population.
The emotional instability characteristic of vulnerable narcissism can result in intense mood swings and difficulty regulating emotions. This can manifest as frequent outbursts of anger, periods of withdrawal, or excessive rumination over perceived slights. The constant internal struggle between grandiose fantasies and feelings of inadequacy creates a state of persistent psychological distress. This emotional turmoil not only affects the narcissist but also impacts their relationships, often leading to social isolation and difficulties in maintaining stable connections with others.
For those in relationships with vulnerable narcissists, the impact on emotional well-being can be equally severe. Psychology Today highlights that partners often experience emotional exhaustion from constantly managing the narcissist’s fragile ego and navigating their manipulative behaviors. The unpredictable nature of the vulnerable narcissist’s emotional reactions can create a walking-on-eggshells atmosphere, leading to anxiety and stress for those around them. Over time, this can erode self-esteem and lead to symptoms of depression in partners and family members.
What Are The Root Causes Of Vulnerable Narcissism?
The development of vulnerable narcissism is believed to stem from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests that there may be a genetic component to narcissistic traits, including those associated with vulnerable narcissism. However, environmental influences, particularly during childhood, play a crucial role in shaping these tendencies.
Childhood experiences often contribute significantly to the development of vulnerable narcissism. Inconsistent parenting, where a child experiences both excessive praise and harsh criticism, can create an unstable sense of self-worth. This inconsistency may lead to the development of a fragile ego that craves constant validation. Additionally, experiences of childhood neglect or emotional abuse can result in deep-seated feelings of inadequacy and a desperate need for attention and admiration as a coping mechanism.
Attachment theory provides another perspective on the roots of vulnerable narcissism. The Attachment & Human Development journal reports that insecure attachment styles, particularly anxious attachment, are associated with vulnerable narcissistic traits. Children who do not develop secure attachments with caregivers may grow up with intense fears of abandonment and rejection, leading to the hypersensitivity and need for constant reassurance characteristic of vulnerable narcissism.
How Can Someone Cope With A Vulnerable Narcissist In Their Life?
Coping with a vulnerable narcissist requires a combination of understanding, boundary-setting, and self-care. The National Domestic Violence Hotline emphasizes the importance of recognizing the manipulative tactics used by narcissists and not internalizing their behavior. It’s crucial to remember that their actions stem from their own insecurities and are not a reflection of your worth.
Setting and maintaining clear boundaries is essential when dealing with a vulnerable narcissist. This involves consistently enforcing limits on what behavior you will and will not tolerate. Be prepared for pushback, as narcissists often react negatively to boundaries that limit their control. Communicate your boundaries calmly and firmly, and be consistent in upholding them. It’s also important to avoid getting drawn into their emotional manipulation tactics, such as guilt-tripping or playing the victim.
Self-care is vital when interacting with a vulnerable narcissist. Psychology Today recommends prioritizing your own emotional well-being and seeking support from trusted friends, family, or a therapist. Engaging in activities that boost your self-esteem and maintain your sense of identity outside of the relationship with the narcissist is crucial. If the relationship becomes too toxic or abusive, it’s important to consider limiting contact or seeking professional help to navigate the situation safely.
What Therapeutic Approaches Are Effective For Treating Vulnerable Narcissism?
Treating vulnerable narcissism can be challenging, but several therapeutic approaches have shown promise. The Journal of Clinical Psychology highlights that psychodynamic therapy can be effective in addressing the deep-seated insecurities and attachment issues underlying vulnerable narcissism. This approach focuses on exploring unconscious patterns and early life experiences that contribute to narcissistic traits, helping individuals develop a more stable sense of self.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is another valuable approach for treating vulnerable narcissism. CBT can help individuals identify and challenge the distorted thinking patterns that fuel their narcissistic behaviors. It also provides practical strategies for managing emotional reactions and improving interpersonal skills. The American Psychological Association notes that CBT can be particularly helpful in addressing the anxiety and depression often associated with vulnerable narcissism.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has also shown promise in treating narcissistic traits. DBT focuses on developing mindfulness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness skills. These skills can be particularly beneficial for vulnerable narcissists who struggle with emotional instability and relationship difficulties. The Journal of Personality Disorders reports that DBT techniques can help individuals with narcissistic traits develop greater empathy and reduce manipulative behaviors.
How Does Vulnerable Narcissism Affect Interpersonal Relationships Over Time?
Vulnerable narcissism can have profound and lasting effects on interpersonal relationships. Over time, the constant need for validation and hypersensitivity to criticism characteristic of vulnerable narcissists can wear down even the most patient and understanding partners or friends. The Journal of Personality reports that relationships with vulnerable narcissists often become characterized by emotional instability, conflict, and a lack of genuine intimacy.
The manipulative tactics employed by vulnerable narcissists, such as guilt-tripping and playing the victim, can create a cycle of emotional abuse in relationships. Partners may find themselves constantly walking on eggshells, afraid of triggering the narcissist’s fragile ego. This dynamic can lead to a gradual erosion of the partner’s self-esteem and independence. Psychology Today notes that long-term relationships with vulnerable narcissists often result in partners feeling emotionally drained and questioning their own perceptions and worth.
The lack of empathy exhibited by vulnerable narcissists can also take a toll on relationships over time. While they may appear sensitive to their own emotions, they often struggle to genuinely understand or validate the feelings of others. This empathy deficit can lead to a one-sided relationship where the narcissist’s needs are constantly prioritized at the expense of their partner’s well-being. As a result, friends and romantic partners may eventually distance themselves, leading to a pattern of unstable and short-lived relationships for the vulnerable narcissist.
What Are The Differences Between Vulnerable Narcissism And Other Personality Disorders?
While vulnerable narcissism shares some characteristics with other personality disorders, it has distinct features that set it apart. The Journal of Personality Disorders emphasizes that vulnerable narcissism is a subtype of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), characterized by heightened sensitivity to criticism and a more covert expression of grandiosity compared to the overt type of NPD.
One key difference is how vulnerable narcissism compares to borderline personality disorder (BPD). Both involve emotional instability and fear of abandonment, but vulnerable narcissists maintain a sense of superiority and entitlement that isn’t typically present in BPD. Additionally, while both may engage in manipulative behaviors, the motivations differ. Vulnerable narcissists manipulate to maintain their fragile self-image, whereas those with BPD often do so out of fear of abandonment.
Vulnerable narcissism also differs from avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), although both involve social anxiety and hypersensitivity to criticism. The American Journal of Psychiatry notes that individuals with AvPD genuinely see themselves as inferior and avoid social situations due to this belief. In contrast, vulnerable narcissists have an underlying sense of superiority and entitlement, despite their outward appearance of insecurity. Their social withdrawal is more often a defensive mechanism to protect their fragile ego rather than a belief in their own inferiority.
How Can Someone Recognize Their Own Vulnerable Narcissistic Traits?
Recognizing one’s own vulnerable narcissistic traits can be challenging due to the nature of the condition, which often involves a lack of self-awareness. However, there are several signs that might indicate the presence of vulnerable narcissism. The Journal of Personality Assessment suggests that individuals with vulnerable narcissistic traits often experience a persistent sense of emptiness or worthlessness, coupled with grandiose fantasies of success or recognition.
One key indicator is hypersensitivity to criticism or perceived slights. If you find yourself becoming disproportionately upset or defensive when receiving feedback, even when it’s constructive, this could be a sign of vulnerable narcissism. Additionally, a constant need for validation and praise from others, coupled with difficulty accepting compliments genuinely, may indicate narcissistic tendencies.
Self-reflection on relationship patterns can also provide insights. Psychology Today notes that vulnerable narcissists often have a history of unstable relationships marked by feelings of entitlement and a lack of empathy for their partners’ needs. If you frequently feel misunderstood or unfairly treated in relationships, while simultaneously struggling to understand or validate others’ perspectives, these could be signs of vulnerable narcissism. Seeking professional help from a mental health expert can provide a more accurate assessment and guidance for addressing these traits.
What Role Does Social Media Play In Exacerbating Vulnerable Narcissistic Traits?
Social media can significantly impact and exacerbate vulnerable narcissistic traits due to its nature as a platform for self-presentation and validation-seeking. The Journal of Personality reports that individuals with vulnerable narcissistic traits are more likely to engage in excessive social media use, seeking constant validation through likes, comments, and followers.
The curated nature of social media allows vulnerable narcissists to present an idealized version of themselves to the world, fulfilling their grandiose fantasies. However, this can also reinforce their fragile self-esteem by making them increasingly dependent on external validation. The constant comparison to others’ seemingly perfect lives on social media can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and envy, which are common in vulnerable narcissism.
Moreover, social media provides a platform for passive-aggressive behaviors and attention-seeking tactics that are characteristic of vulnerable narcissism. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking notes that vulnerable narcissists may engage in behaviors such as vague-posting (making ambiguous posts to elicit concern or attention) or excessive self-deprecation online to garner sympathy and support. The instant gratification and wide audience provided by social media can reinforce these manipulative behaviors, making it harder for individuals to recognize and address their narcissistic traits in real-life interactions.
How Does Vulnerable Narcissism Manifest In Professional Settings?
Vulnerable narcissism can significantly impact professional environments, often in subtle ways that may not be immediately recognizable as narcissistic behavior. The Journal of Business Ethics highlights that vulnerable narcissists in the workplace may exhibit a combination of insecurity and entitlement that affects their interactions with colleagues and superiors.
In professional settings, vulnerable narcissists may struggle with accepting feedback or criticism, even when it’s constructive. They might react defensively to suggestions for improvement or perceive routine evaluations as personal attacks. This hypersensitivity can make it difficult for them to grow professionally and can strain relationships with coworkers and supervisors.
